This topic begins with a closer look at cells and how they are adapted to their functions. The organisation of cells into tissues, organs and systems is investigated. The structure of cells is dealt with in more detail, in particular the chromosomes and genes. DNA is extracted from fruit and the basics of genetics are introduced. Reproduction from fertilisation, the development of the new embryo in the mother's uterus, through birth and onto adolescence in humans is studied and this section also covers human reproduction including the menstrual cycle and the menopause. Reproduction in different organisms is compared.